IQ/OQ/PQ and how they relate to measurement verification?

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In regulated measurement work, you need to prove that the equipment and its setup will give reliable, accurate results. IQ, OQ, and PQ are the three steps of this proof. First, installation qualification checks that the system is installed correctly, with all components present and properly documented. Then, operational qualification tests that the equipment operates within its defined limits and behaves as expected across its intended range. Finally, performance qualification verifies that, under real use conditions, the instrument consistently produces results that meet specifications. Taken together, these steps ensure system suitability and show that the measurement process is capable and dependable. Verification fits within this framework as the process of confirming that the instrument and its use meet the required standards, rather than being a separate, unrelated concept. The other options don’t reflect this broad, integrated approach: they either misunderstand the purpose of qualification, limit it to a narrow domain, or misname the qualifiers.