When measuring a liquid gravimetrically, which factors must be considered?

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In gravimetric measurements of a liquid, you’re relying on a known amount of substance, which means you must connect mass to volume or to concentration. The bridge between mass and volume is density. Knowing how dense the liquid is lets you convert a measured mass into the corresponding volume (or vice versa). Temperature affects density, and liquids expand or contract with temperature, so the volume a given mass occupies changes with temperature. Because of this, you must account for the liquid’s density at the measurement temperature and consider its thermal expansion when high accuracy is needed. If you measure at one temperature but compare to a standard defined at another, you’ll need corrections; if you control temperature, the expansion effect is minimized. That’s why product density and expansion are the factors to consider in gravimetric liquid measurements.